Salinger uses society as the source of discord in this case to be isolated from. There are different types of lexical difficulties in translation and the main of them are: A polysemy is a word or phrase with multiple, related meanings. the English Literature by Stulov Rev. Symbols are objects, characters, figures, or colors used to represent abstract ideas or concepts. In translation, both the source language and the target one are important. Out of these words, people. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. It doesnt include every instance when the hearer or reader has to supply missing information, but only those cases where grammatical structure itself points to an item or items that can fill the slot in question. Latest answer posted November 15, 2019 at 6:03:44 PM. Stuff, in reference to one's privates. The author used this kind of interjection in order to describe Holdens surprise to the question given by the old Spenser Oh, well its long story (J. D. Salinger: 29) J. D. Salinger used this interjection in order to demonstrate that Holden didnt know the story. Another important writer of this period is William Faulkner with his works The Sound and the Furry, Light in August and The Hamlet. 52) The red hunting hat is inseparable from the image of Holden Caufield, with good reason. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him,who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead.One of the central questions that Holden asks in the book, and never receives a satisfactory answer to, is how can a young person die and the world, his family, accept it and move on with their lives. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. Because of this fact, a translation based on a one-to-one substitution of words is seldom acceptable. Holden nevertheless does shoot people in his own way: when he is in this cynical frame of mind, he expends all of his mental energy denigrating the people around him. Already a member? Holden introduced her to Stradlater, because he didn't want to date her himself. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. (Chapter 7, pg. But then, they have solutions and they can change their hard conditions for better ones. Although he encounters opportunities for both physical and emotional intimacy, he bungles them all, wrapping himself in a psychological armor of critical cynicism and bitterness. And Stradlater started getting mad and saying "no wonder you're flunking the hell out of here," or "you don't do ne dame thing the way you're supposed to." a. The many negative reactions were mainly caused by the social and political background of the postwar period, by misunderstanding the text, by misreading it, by associating the novel with famous criminals and the reading of the novel by the wrong audienceteenagers instead of adults. The word kid is one of the numerous words which is used in the context with all his meanings such as Ackley kid? Those which are easily recognizable include expressions which violate truth conditions. How Holden Mature In Catcher In The Rye - 731 Words | Cram It troubles him that he has changed each time he returns, while the museum's displays remain completely the same. To show the definition of the translation difficulties and to identify the types that could exist; To describe the main features of J. D. Salingers work The Catcher in the Rye; To make a clear deffinition of the lexical peculiarities and to point the types of this peculiarities for identification of them in the Salinger's work The Catcher in the Rye; To analize Salinger's work and to identify the translation difficulties in The Catcher in the Rye.; To identify the main meaning of the words that were used by the author in the order to point out their function in the context; To point out the usage of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties in the analysed text; To investigate grammatical, lexical, stylistic and phraseological difficulties of translation in J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye. He alludes to his behavior almost in passing, saying that he slept in the garage on the night of Allies death and broke all the windows with his bare hands, just for the hell of it. He tried to break the car windows as well, but could not because his hand was already fractured from smashing the garage windows. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. Last but not the least is the accepted usage of words in a language. Phoniness, which is probably the most famous phrase from The Catcher in the Rye, is one of Holden's favorite concepts. In other words, in ellipsis an item is replaced by nothing. Ackley has awful teeth, which he never brushes, lots of pimples, and a lousy personality, according to Holden. Those grammatical transformations maybe divided into following types: Substitution is one of the grammatical relations among the parts of the sentences. For intricate and unspoken reasons, seemingly stemming from Allie's death, Holden has trouble dealing with this kind of complexity. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. The example for this wrd with its meanings could be like I left the goddam foils andstuff on the subway (J. D. Salinger: p.170 in English and Am uitat blestmatele aleade florete ?i tot echipamentul in metrou. and throughthis example ispinted out that the author used not only the main meaning of the word. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. There are two cases in which an idiom can be easily misinterpreted if one is not already familiar with it: Apart from being alert to the way speakers and writers manipulate certain features of idioms and to the possible confusion which could arise from similarities in form between source and target expressions, a translator must also consider the collocational environment which surrounds any expression whose meaning is not readily accessible. The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Sixth Edition, Oxford University Press 2007; http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50034626?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=catharsis&first=1&max_to_show=10. It is inseparable from our image of Holden, with good reason: it is a symbol of his uniqueness and individuality. Salingers works start out in bad situations. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed. The only thing that would be different would be you. In The Catcher in the Rye, what does Mr. Antolini's quotation, from a psychoanalyst named Wilhelm Stekel, mean? In the book there are many cases of Holden Caulfield trying to resist growing. The first problem is related to reading and comprehension ability in the source language. burlesque examples in catcher in the rye burlesque examples in catcher in the rye He also feels that it is his duty to protect others and himself from growing up. In the book The Catcher in the Rye, in chapter 20, why does Holden do his "bullet in the guts" number again? In this research the researcher tries to highlight the problems of the translators hesitation of translating the third-person pronoun, which the gender is not obvious, from Romanian to English. Log in here. Why is it ironical that Stradlater would ask Holden to write his Holden is terrified by the unpredictable challenges of the worldhe hates conflict, he is confused by Allie's senseless death, and he fears interaction with other people. This admission of the difficulties of writing only adds to the realism of the novel. Once an idiom or fixed expression has been recognized and interpreted correctly, the next step is to decide how to translate it into the target language. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. The writer also used this stylistic devise like comparison in order to give a clear description of Ackley through the next comparison dirty as hell( J.D.Salinger:19)and the author pointed out that there are people that dont look very good as using the rules that are taken in society for a good looking. A criminal profiler may offer an explanation of a suspect's behavior (e.g. Mr. Antolini advises him to begin applying himself and provides Holden with a place to sleep. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. ?>. But it is what we aim at. The quote also shows his viepoint on all adults. It is very frequent when grammatical and lexical transformations demand supplementation or omission of some words or elements. The conclusion is that generally they have been successfully rendered and they have usually followed the ST.. But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. Stradlater insists, however, that Holden not write it too well, for the teacher knows that Holden is a hot-shot in English. Salinger. . The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature. Salinger. The characters can only become happy if they isolate themselves from this society. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can't understand everything around him. That's all I'd do all day. Ive selected Holdens red hunting hat, the Museum of Natural History, and the Ducks in Central Park Lagoon. Besides, a short, compared with the noun predicate can not bear the emphatic sense of a large group of nouns. In translation from English to other languages it is faced the conflict of two completely different cultures, levels of development, customs and traditions. All Rights Reserved. . They represent the simple, idealistic, manageable vision of life that Holden wishes he could live. In the words of Nida and Taber (1974): Translating consists of reproducing, in the target language, the nearest equivalent to the message in the source language, in the first place in the semantic aspect and, in the second place, in the stylistic aspect. In contextual usage of a word in poetry or prose often point to the authors penetration into the depth of the words semantic structure. The theme such as the translation difficulties and lexical peculiarities is actual and well-known today because these are two the most important elements of a lexical-stylistic analysis or important elements of studies in lexicology and in translation studies. assignments. And finally, it can be said that Salinger didnt assume the fame as well as other authors and hes actually out of the literary world. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. The works of Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. They also represent what he fears most about the adult world: complexity, unpredictability, and potential for conflict and change. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is equivalence of `the elements of a paradigmatic expressive axis', i.e. The author wanted to show that with a kind of symbols, like religion or loneliness, life can be happy: a better life is possible. Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published, and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work .Salinger identified closely with his characters, and used techniques such as interior monologue, letters, and extended telephone calls to display his gift for dialogue. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. ; his preference for the first person narrative; his attitudes towards sex, war, phony world, materialism and false values; his constant references to music and songs, to the movie industry, to movie stars and to famous movies; his penchant for constantly making references in his literary creations to writers, to literary works and classic characters; his preference for creating stories around the brother-sister relationship, but also around the idea of family and the relationships between family members; his love for children and the innocence they stand for; his multitude of representative names and characters and his preference for dialogue and replies; his tendency to use real and historical data or to introduce in his fiction real. False friends (or faux amis) are pairs of words in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ in meaning. Louis Menand agrees, writing in The New Yorker that Salinger "stopped writing stories, in the conventional sense. He seemed to lose interest in fiction as an art formperhaps he thought there was something manipulative or inauthentic about literary device and authorial control." Happiness is the very substance which all of these characters are striving for in Salingers works. Why? The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). However, the story had reached a turning point and Holden was at the height of his preoccupation, therefore, he could not think on the directions, so he decided to write about a baseball glove. What is so important about the composition that Holden writes for Another lexical peculiarity that was used in this writing is one of the types of the interaction of different types of lexical meaning and this type is an interaction of logical and emotive meaning. I need at least one quote for support. He believes that once you mature you are phony, and he does his best to make sure that he does not become phony. Justification is the reason why someone properly holds abelief, the explanation as to why the belief is a true one, or an account of how one knows what one knows. The interaction of different types of lexical meaning: J. D. Salingers The Cather in the Ray is full of stylistic device that made authors style more clear and sometimes more interesting. This is what Newmark calls "service translation.". Gradation of epithets, that is a sequence of synonymous epithets, is constructed on a different basis in English and in Romanian. how does this poem differ from traditional sonnets interflora; airmessage vs blue bubbles; southside legend strain effects; abd insurance and financial services; valenzuela city ordinance violation fines; my summer car cheatbox; vfs global japan visa nepal contact number; beaver owl fox dolphin personality test; Community They can be nouns, adjectives and verbs. Renews March 10, 2023 And this features enables the translator to use his creativity in translation. Every statement made about the work by a reader of the translation should also be true of the original text. In Modernism the object is; the language doesn't mean it is. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. Much of Salinger's reputation, which he acquired after publication of The Catcher in the Rye, is derived from thoughtful and sympathetic insights into both adolescence and adulthood, his use of symbolism, and his idiomatic style, which helped to re-introduce the common idiom to American literature. Raised in Manhattan, New York, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. Translation from English into another language is not just a simple substitute of words from the English language by the words from another language. Pinned, Holden continues to insult Stradlater, accusing him of thinking he can have sex with anyone he wants. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. on 50-99 accounts. This leads to the interpretation that using the same linguistic pattern denotes a more faithful translation. The general conclusion that can be drawn is that there cannot be a perfect translation, but there can be made efforts to try to find the best version of rendering a text from the SL into the TL. Another interjection that was used by the writer is Hell, no! (J. D. Salinger:45)that was used in order to point out to the reader Holdens surprise and for showing that Holden was a boy that used in his vocabulary not well words for a boy who was a junior in the school. To accomplish this matter we are going to focus our attention on several points that are important elements of the lexical peculiarities and translation difficulties and that reflect in an accurate way the main meanig of the writing and more specifically. He died on July 18, 1946 in Maine. Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) Also he tells the reader he's not excited to find out abut this favor and that guys like Stradlater always think people want to do things for them. Idiomatic and fixed expressions have individual collocational patterns. The more Holden focuses on his dead brother, the more alone he feels.He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. Of the writers in Salinger's generation, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist John Updike attested that "the short stories of J. D. Salinger really opened my eyes as to how you can weave fiction out of a set of events that seem almost unconnected, or very lightly connected. Yates describes Salinger as "a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word." Salinger uses symbols to show the turning point of the characters lives. To this group belong international words, some words of human perception, mental activity. A translation should always include the tasks and the qualities (or even the standards) a translation should perform. Anyway, Holden responds by doing a tap dance like you see in the movies, which he hates but gets a bang (his words) out of imitating. I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another Fuck you on the wall. This straightforward, simple read is nonetheless used in many schools today for its rich content of symbols and truthfulness. PDF Applied Practice Catcher In The Rye Answers The Modernists constructed their works out of fragments, omitting the exposition, transitions, resolutions, and explanations used in traditional literature., Many scientists investigated J. D. Salingers novel The Catcher in the Ray expressed their points of view such as: In 1961, the critic Alfred Kazin explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world." The second chapter contains practical information from the book written by the writer that represent this period J. D. Salinger with his best-known novel The Catcher in the Rye. Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. cite it. Experience, he asserts, is largely determined by the language habits of the community, and each separate structure represents a separate reality: No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The conversation in which Mr. Antolini speaks these words takes place in Chapter 24. Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. His former teacher is needling him about his failures at Pencey; at this point, he lectures Holden about the importance of playing by the rules. This type of code switching is translation proper, the object of Translation Studies. Finding a good equivalence is an important job which the translator should care about it. [18]. "What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in The Catcher in the Rye?" A list of personal pronoun is provided here: In Romanian variant of the The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is presented the tendency to omit the subject pronouns or to use their presupposed noun, because the verb carries an enclitic subject. When Holden writes composition for Stradlater in "The Catcher - eNotes Drugs, used so as to be inconspicuous, but euphemistic. (young-adult literature)", 2007; http://www.ttt.org/theory/difficulties.htlm; Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; New Dictionary of American Slang, Harper & Row, Publishers 1986, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Holdens actions are inconsistent with his opinions, but instead of making him seem like a hypocrite, this makes him more likable: he is kind to Ackley without commenting on it, and he shows himself capable of going to the movies with his friends like a normal teenager. Colloquialism is a lexical item used in informal speech; whilst the broadest sense of the term colloquialism might include slangism, its narrow sense does not. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. The conclusion is that there have been some similarities between Salingers private life and some of the events in his works, but not enough to entitle anyone to think that his fiction is autobiographical. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; Breit, Harvey. None of their constituents may be substituted with words of similar meaning. The reader is intrigued by the dramatic aspect of the quarrel with Stradlater and hardly realizes that he is being cunningly conditioned to believe that Holden is capable of writing "The Catcher in the Rye," a book full of subtle observations about people and about life in general. Holden decides to write about his dead brother's baseball glove because he is deeply depressed about his death and has not come to terms with his grief over the loss of his brother. Most often is the correspondence of first lexical-semantic variants of such words their primary meaning then we have various lexical-semantic variants for the course of development of these words was of different nature. elements of grammar, which Popovic sees as being a higher category than lexical equivalence. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Holden tears up the composition because Stradlater dislikes the poem and which infuriates him. Our search for who we are is fuelled by our innate desire to achieve a sense of acceptance and belonging. Holden is angry at his family for coping with Allie's death, he is angry at the world for continuing when his little brother died. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing In fact his main goal is to resist maturing. For example, Holden's use of qualifiers such as "if you want to know the truth," "I know what I'm talking about," or "I'm not kidding" serve to emphasize how unsure Holden is of what he's saying or how well he'll be received. Every translation activity has one or more specific purposes and whichever they may be, the main aim of translation is to serve as a cross-cultural bilingual communication vehicle among peoples. He clearly identifies with those on the other side of the game, and he feels alone and victimized, as though the world is against him. Edward Sapir claims that `language is a guide to social reality' and that human beings are at the mercy of the language that has become the medium of expression for their society. What does this reveal about Holden? Holden wouldn't stop talking about Jane and kept calling him a moron and insulting him Where did Holden go immediately after the fight? One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. essay, The Catcher in the Rye and The Outsider novels hold, Catcher in the Rye Essay Argumentative Essay, Belonging Essay 'Romulus My Father', 'the Lost Thing' and 'the Catcher in the Rye', Write He fought in war. This shows that Holden wants to save him and other people from growing up one day. This is a shift from an epistemological aesthetic to an ontological aesthetic or, in simpler terms, a shift from a knowledge-based aesthetic to a being-based aesthetic. His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924," appeared in The New Yorker on June19, 1965. Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. It exist a thin line between seriousness and humour. >American Literature books summary Its a symbol of uniqueness and individuality as well. The way a language chooses to express, or not express, various meanings cannot be predicted and only occasionally matches the way another language chooses to express the same meanings.

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